coniugium Latin · revision 10219

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Terence|origins=ine-pro *yewg-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɔnˈjʊ.ɡi.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [konˈjuː.d͡ʒi.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''coniugium''' ''n'' (genitive coniugiī or coniugī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Inscriptions have ''coiugio''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[coniunx]] “spouse” or [[coniugō]] “to join”, with [[m|la|-ium]], ultimately from [[m|la|con-]] and [[iungō]] “to join, yoke”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨iungō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*(H)yunégti|t=yokes]], cognate with [[sa|युनक्ति|tr=yunákti|t=yokes]] and [[grc|ζεύγνυμι|tr=zeúgnumi|t=to yoke]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation for marriage is Terence, and Accius has it of entering into marriage.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC and Accius 170–c. 90 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant marriage, wedlock, as in Terence; the entering into marriage, as in Accius; by metonymy a spouse; and in Lucretius any close union, such as ''corporis atque animae'' “of body and soul”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means union, marriage, wedlock.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it with ''līberum'' for frank-marriage.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of marriage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 170–c. 90 BC – Accius uses it of entering into marriage.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the union of body and soul.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|marriage|alt=Marriage]], [[m|en|wedlock]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Entry into marriage.^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(by metonymy)'' A [[m|en|spouse]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A close [[m|en|union]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[coniugiālis]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[coniunx]]

+ * [[coniugō]]

+ * [[iungō]]

+ * [[iugum]]

+ * [[en|conjugal]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Isidore of Seville derived it from the spouses being joined (''coniūnctī''), or from the yoke (''iugum'') by which they are coupled in marriage.^(Isidore)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}