exitium Latin · revision 10194

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *h₁ey-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɛkˈsɪ.ti.ũː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [eɡˈzit.t͡si.um]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''exitium''' ''n'' (genitive exitiī or exitī); second declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Ennius has a genitive plural ''exitium''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from the stem ⟨exit-⟩ of [[exeō]] “to go out” with [[m|la|-ium]], from [[m|la|ex-]] and [[eō]] “to go”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨eō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*ei-|t=to go]], [[ine-pro|*h₁ey-|t=to go]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Ennius, and the OLD's earliest citations are Plautus, of death.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC and Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ Lewis & Short note a rare early sense “a going out”; in use it meant destruction, ruin, disaster, as in Terence and Cicero's ''exitiō esse alicui'' “to be someone's ruin”; death, as in Plautus; and by metonymy a cause of death or ruin.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means destruction, ruin, death, ending.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it also for an outrage or crime.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of death.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of ruin.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|destruction|alt=Destruction]], [[m|en|ruin]], disaster.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # [[m|en|death|alt=Death]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # A cause of ruin, a [[m|en|bane]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[exitiābilis]]

+ * [[exitiālis]]

+ * [[exitiōsus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[exeō]]

+ * [[exitus]]

+ * [[eō]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}