famulatus Latin · revision 10190

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=itc-pro *famelos}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [fa.mʊˈɫaː.tʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fa.muˈlaː.tus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''famulātus''' ''m'' (genitive famulātūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|famulus|-ātus|t1=servant, slave]], or from [[famulor]] “to serve”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨famulus⟩ as [[itc-pro|*famelos|t=slave]], with Oscan ⟨famelo⟩ and Umbrian ⟨fameřias⟩ “household”; following Rix he takes it as a back-formation to ⟨*famelia⟩ “household”, perhaps from [[ine-pro|*dʰh₁-m-elo-|t=foundation]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cicero, and Lewis & Short cite his ''Laelius'', ''in famulātū esse'' “to be in servitude”.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the condition of a slave, servitude, slavery, and servility, rare but classical, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means service, obedience, slavery.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for allegiance to the king and for vassalage.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for personal or domestic service, a household, serfdom and the service of God.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|servitude|alt=Servitude]], [[m|en|slavery]]; servility.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|service|alt=Service]], obedience.^(Stelten 1995)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|allegiance|alt=Allegiance]]; [[m|en|vassalage]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[famulus]]

+ * [[famulor]]

+ * [[familia]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}