ferocitas Latin · revision 10188

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *ǵʰwer-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [fɛˈroː.kɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [feˈrɔː.t͡ʃi.tas]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''ferōcitās''' ''f'' (genitive ferōcitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|ferōx|-tās|t1=wild, fierce]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan suggests ⟨ferōx⟩ may contain a second element ⟨*-h₃kʷ-⟩ “having a fierce aspect”, added to [[ferus]] “wild”, which he traces to [[itc-pro|*χwero-]], [[ine-pro|*ǵʰweh₁r-|t=wild animal]], cognate with [[grc|θήρ|tr=thḗr|t=wild beast]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citations are Cicero.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant wild or untamed courage, fierceness, in a good sense high spirit, valour, as in Cicero's ''animī ferōcitās'', and in a bad sense savageness, excessive spirits, aggressiveness, insolence.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means untamed courage, fierceness.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin applied it to people, animals and natural forces.^(DMLBS) English ''ferocity'' (c. 1600) is from it through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 1600 – English ''ferocity'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|fierceness|alt=Fierceness]], savageness, [[m|en|ferocity]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # High spirit, valour.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # Aggressiveness, [[m|en|insolence]].^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[ferōx]]

+ * [[ferōcia]]

+ * [[ferus]]

+ * [[en|ferocity]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short compare ''ferōcia''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}