fructifer Latin · revision 10184

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Seneca|origins=la frūctus, la ferō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈfruːk.tɪ.fɛr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfruk.ti.fer]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''frūctifer''' (feminine frūctifera, neuter frūctiferum); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a compound of [[frūctus]] “fruit” and [[m|la|-fer]] from [[ferō]] “to bear”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨frūctus⟩, the noun of [[fruor]] “to enjoy”, to Proto-Italic ⟨*frūg-je/o-⟩, [[ine-pro|*bʰruHg-ye/o-|t=to use]], cognate with Oscan ⟨fruktatiuf⟩ “usufruct” and [[got|𐌱𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌾𐌰𐌽|tr=brukjan|t=to use]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Seneca.^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Seneca 4 BC–65 AD.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant bearing fruit, fruitful, as of trees in Columella and Pliny, and Lewis & Short note it as the post-Augustan word for the classical [[frūgifer]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means fruitful, productive, profitable.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for usufructuary, and ''ūsus fructifer'' was usufruct.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(Köbler 2010) British Medieval Latin applied it to trees, land, seasons and abstract things.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1st century AD – Columella uses it of trees.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Fruit-bearing, [[m|en|fruitful]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|usufructuary|alt=Usufructuary]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[frūctus]]

+ * [[frūgifer]]

+ * [[ferō]]

+ * [[fruor]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}