gentilicius Latin · revision 10176

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɡɛn.tiːˈlɪ.ki.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [d͡ʒen.tiˈliː.t͡ʃi.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''gentīlicius''' (feminine gentīlicia, neuter gentīlicium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''gentīlitius''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|gentīlis|-icius|t1=of a gens]], from [[gēns]] “clan”.^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨gēns⟩ to [[itc-pro|*genti-]], [[ine-pro|*ǵénh₁-ti-|t=child]], originally “clan, people of the same descent”, cognate with [[grc|γένεσις|tr=génesis|t=birth]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Varro.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant belonging to a particular Roman clan (''gēns''), as of family rites in Cicero and Livy, and in Gellius tribal, national.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ Medieval Latin used it for heathen, and British Medieval Latin for national, patriotic.^(Niermeyer 1976)^(DMLBS) English ''gentilicious'' is from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of clan rites.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of a nation.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of a Roman [[m|en|clan]] (''gēns'').^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Tribal, [[m|en|national]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|heathen|alt=Heathen]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[gentīlis]]

+ * [[gēns]]

+ * [[gentīlitās]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}