gentilitas Latin · revision 10175
17 Oct 2026, 01:40 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=ine-pro *ǵenh₁-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ɡɛnˈtiː.lɪ.taːs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [d͡ʒenˈtiː.li.tas]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''gentīlitās''' ''f'' (genitive gentīlitātis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|gentīlis|-tās|t1=of a gens; of the same clan]], from [[gēns]] “clan”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨gēns⟩ to [[itc-pro|*genti-]], [[ine-pro|*ǵénh₁-ti-|t=child]], originally “clan, people of the same descent”, cognate with [[grc|γένεσις|tr=génesis|t=birth]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is Varro, and Köbler's earliest source is Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant the relationship of those who belong to the same clan, as in Varro and Cicero; and in Pliny connection with a race, nationality, and the relationship of natural species.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means heathendom, paganism, and ''gentīlitātis error'' was pagan unbelief.^(Stelten 1995)^(Köbler 2010) Medieval Latin used it for paganism and the heathens collectively.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''gentility'' (mid-14th century, “nobility of birth”) is from it through Old French.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of clan relationship.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny uses it of nationality.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-14th century – English ''gentility'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # Membership of the same clan, clan [[m|en|kinship]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # [[m|en|nationality|alt=Nationality]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # Relationship of natural species.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|paganism|alt=Paganism]], heathendom.^(Stelten 1995)^(Niermeyer 1976)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[gēns]]
+ * [[gentilīcius]]
+ * [[gentīliter]]
+ * [[gentīlitus]]
+ * [[gentīlis]]
+ * [[en|gentility]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}