impendeo Latin · revision 10167

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Terence|origins=la pendeō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɪmˈpɛn.de.oː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [imˈpɛn.de.o]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''impendeō''' (present infinitive impendēre); second conjugation, no perfect or supine stems^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''inpendeō''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|pendeō|t2=to hang]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD notes transitive use in Terence and Lucilius.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Terence 190–159 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to hang over, overhang, usually with a sense of threat, as in Lucretius and Cicero; of storms to lour; and of abstract things to impend, threaten, be imminent, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Early Latin also used it transitively.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to threaten, overhang, be imminent.^(Stelten 1995) English ''impend'' (1590s) is from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of overhanging.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of threats.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1590s – English ''impend'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To hang over, [[m|en|overhang]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To lour (of storms).^(OLD 2012)

+ # To [[m|en|impend]], [[m|en|threaten]], be imminent.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[circumpendeō]]

+ * [[dēpendeō]]

+ * [[pendeō]]

+ * [[praependeō]]

+ * [[prōpendeō]]

+ * [[impendō]]

+ * [[en|impend]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}