infligo Latin · revision 10162

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *bʰleyǵ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ĩːˈfliː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [iɱˈfliː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''īnflīgō''' (present infinitive īnflīgere, perfect active īnflīxī, supine īnflīctum); third conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|in-|flīgō|t2=to strike]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨flīgō⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*flīg-⟩, [[ine-pro|*bʰleyǵ-e/o-|t=to hit, crush]], comparing [[grc|φλίβω|tr=phlī́bō|t=to crush]] and Latvian ⟨bliêzt⟩ “to beat”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Cicero, of inflicting wounds, and Lewis & Short cite his ''alicui secūrim īnflīgere'' “to strike someone with an axe”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to strike or dash something against, as in Virgil and Ovid, and to inflict wounds, as in Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to inflict, impose, strike against.^(Stelten 1995) English ''inflict'' (1560s) is from its participle ''īnflīctus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of dashing against.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1560s – English ''inflict'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To strike or dash against.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To [[m|en|inflict]] (wounds).^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[īnflīctiō]]

+ * [[inflictus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[flīgō]]

+ * [[afflīgō]]

+ * [[conflīgō]]

+ * [[en|inflict]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short give ''incutere'' and ''illīdere'' as synonyms.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}