lapidarius Latin · revision 10155

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=la lapis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɫa.pɪˈdaː.ri.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [la.piˈdaː.ri.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lapidārius''' (feminine lapidāria, neuter lapidārium); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|lapis|-ārius|t1=stone]], from the stem ⟨lapid-⟩.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨lapis⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*la/eped-⟩, compares Umbrian ⟨vapeře⟩ “stone seat” and [[grc|λέπας|tr=lépas|t=bare rock]], and takes it as probably a Mediterranean loanword.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short cite Plautus for ''latomiae lapidāriae'', stone quarries.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant of or concerned with stone, stone-cutting or quarrying, as in Plautus and Petronius, ''litterae lapidāriae'' were block capitals like those of inscriptions.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Lewis & Short call it ante-classical and post-Augustan.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it is a noun, a stonecutter, mason.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a lapidary, a treatise on precious stones.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''lapidary'' (late 14th century) is from it through Old French, and German ''lapidar'' “terse” is from it.^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of quarries.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * before 66 AD – Petronius uses it of block letters.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012)

+ * late 14th century – English ''lapidary'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of stone, of stone-cutting or quarrying.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ===Noun===

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A [[m|en|stonecutter]], [[m|en|mason]].^(Stelten 1995)^(DMLBS)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' A [[m|en|lapidary]], a book on precious stones.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lapis]]

+ * [[lapideus]]

+ * [[en|lapidary]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}