lapideus Latin · revision 10153

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=la lapis}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ɫaˈpɪ.de.ʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [laˈpiː.de.us]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''lapideus''' (feminine lapidea, neuter lapideum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|lapis|-eus|t1=stone]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨lapis⟩ as Proto-Italic ⟨*la/eped-⟩, compares Umbrian ⟨vapeře⟩ “stone seat” and [[grc|λέπας|tr=lépas|t=bare rock]], and takes it as probably a Mediterranean loanword.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Ennius, and the OLD's earliest citation is Varro.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant made or built of stone, as of a stream with stone banks in Varro; of a precious stone; and stony, hard, also figuratively, as in Pliny.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means of stone.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used ''opus lapideum'' for stonework.^(DMLBS)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of stone banks.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny uses it of the stony.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # Of [[m|en|stone]], built of stone.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Of a precious stone.^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|stony|alt=Stony]], hard.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[lapis]]

+ * [[lapidōsus]]

+ * [[lapidārius]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}