lapsus Latin · revision 10152

17 Oct 2026, 01:40 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Afranius|origins=la lābor}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈɫaːp.sʊs]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈlap.sus]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''lāpsus''' ''m'' (genitive lāpsūs); fourth declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|lābor|-tus|t1=to slip, fall]], an action noun.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is Afranius, of slipping and falling, and Köbler's earliest source is Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010) Köbler dates Afranius to the second half of the 2nd century BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant slipping and falling, a fall; any smooth or gliding motion, as of stars and rivers; a fall from favour or rank; and in Cicero a falling into error, a failing, lapse.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means falling, moral lapse, apostasy, and the passage of time.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for a fish trap, a slide and the slipping by of time.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''lapse'' (mid-15th century) is from it through Old French, and German ''Lapsus'' “slip, error” is from it.^(Etymonline)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 2nd half of the 2nd century BC – Afranius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a fall from favour and of error.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * mid-15th century – English ''lapse'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A slipping, [[m|en|fall]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # A gliding motion, flow.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # A fall from favour.^(OLD 2012)
+ # A [[m|en|lapse]], error, failing.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|apostasy|alt=Apostasy]].^(Stelten 1995)
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[lābor]]
+ * [[lābēs]]
+ * [[collāpsus]]
+ * [[en|lapse]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Niermeyer also records a second-declension noun ''lapsus'', a lapsed Christian or heretic.^(Niermeyer 1976)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}