maxilla Latin · revision 10143

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la māla}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [maːkˈsɪl.la]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [makˈsil.la]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''māxilla''' ''f'' (genitive māxillae); first declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is a diminutive of [[māla]] “cheekbone, jaw”, from ⟨*maksl-⟩ with [[m|la|-la]].^(OLD 2012)^(TLL)^(Gaffiot 2016) Wiktionary reconstructs Proto-Italic ⟨*smakslā⟩ for ⟨māla⟩.^(Wiktionary) Cicero himself noted the relation of ⟨māla⟩ and ⟨maxilla⟩.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cicero, and Gaffiot cites his ''Orator''.^(Köbler 2010)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the jawbone, the jaws, usually in the plural, as in Celsus, and the jaw seen from outside, the lower face, as in Columella.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means cheek, jaw, cheekbone, jawbone.^(Stelten 1995) It survives as Italian ''mascella'', Spanish ''mejilla'' “cheek” and Romanian ''măsea'' “molar”, and English ''maxilla'' is from it.^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 14–37 AD – Celsus uses it of the jawbones.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # The [[m|en|jawbone]], [[m|en|jaw]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # The lower part of the face.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[māxillāris]]

+ * [[māxillō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[māla]]

+ * [[axilla]]

+ * [[en|maxilla]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}