offensio Latin · revision 10131

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la offendō}}

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''offēnsiō''' ''f'' (genitive offēnsiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|offendō|-tiō|t1=to strike against]], from [[m|la|ob-]] and ⟨*fendō⟩ “to strike”, seen also in [[dēfendō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Cicero, who has ''pedis offēnsiō'' “a stumbling of the foot”.^(Köbler 2010)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant a striking against something, collision, and stumbling, as in Cicero and Seneca; a setback, mishap, a blow to one's fortunes; an attack of illness, an upset; damage to something immaterial, such as reputation; disfavour, offence given or taken; and in Vitruvius a violation of a rule.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means offence, aversion, dislike.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for sin.^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of stumbling and of setbacks.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of a transgression.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A striking against, [[m|en|collision]]; [[m|en|stumbling]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A [[m|en|setback]], mishap.^(OLD 2012)

+ # An attack of illness.^(OLD 2012)

+ # Injury (to reputation); disfavour, [[m|en|offence]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # A [[m|en|transgression]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(Medieval Latin)'' [[m|en|sin|alt=Sin]].^(Niermeyer 1976)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[offēnsiuncula]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[offendō]]

+ * [[offēnsa]]

+ * [[dēfendō]]

+ * [[en|offence]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}