probatio Latin · revision 10111
17 Oct 2026, 01:38 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Varro|origins=la probus}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [prɔˈbaː.ti.oː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈbat.t͡si.o]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''probātiō''' ''f'' (genitive probātiōnis); third declension^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|probō|-tiō|t1=to test, approve]], from [[probus]] “good”.^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨probus⟩ “good, upright” to Proto-Italic ⟨*pro-f(w)-o-⟩ “favourable”, from ⟨*pro-⟩ and [[ine-pro|*bʰuH-|t=to be]], cognate with Umbrian ⟨prufe⟩ “correctly” and Oscan ⟨prúfatted⟩ “approved”.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ Gaffiot cites Varro and Cicero, and the OLD's earliest citations are Cicero.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Varro 116–27 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a trial, inspection, examination, as of athletes in Cicero; approval after scrutiny, passing; in Pliny a test, criterion, and the proving of something, proof; and in Seneca that which proves, evidence.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means test, trial, probation, proof, approval.^(Stelten 1995) English ''probation'' and German ''Probation'' are from it.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 116–27 BC – Varro uses it of a trial.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of inspection and approval.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 23/24–79 AD – Pliny uses it of a test and of proof.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A trial, [[m|en|inspection]], examination.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # [[m|en|approval|alt=Approval]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # A test, [[m|en|criterion]].^(OLD 2012)
+ # [[m|en|proof|alt=Proof]], evidence.^(OLD 2012)
+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' [[m|en|probation|alt=Probation]].^(Stelten 1995)
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[probō]]
+ * [[probus]]
+ * [[probātor]]
+ * [[en|probation]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}