profligo Latin · revision 10108
17 Oct 2026, 01:38 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *bʰleyǵ-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [proːˈfliː.ɡoː]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈfliː.ɡo]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''prōflīgō''' (present infinitive prōflīgāre, perfect active prōflīgāvī, supine prōflīgātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is from [[m|la|prō-]] and [[flīgō]] “to strike” with [[m|la|-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(TLL) De Vaan traces ⟨flīgō⟩ to [[ine-pro|*bʰleyǵ-e/o-|t=to hit, crush]].^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is Plautus, of defeating.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to strike down, defeat decisively, crush, overthrow, as of an enemy army or fleet in Cicero, and to subdue a territory; and in Cicero to carry through the greater part of a task, “break the back of” it, so ''in prōflīgātō esse'' “to be nearly finished”.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to abolish, overthrow, scatter.^(Stelten 1995) English ''profligate'' (1520s, first “overthrown”) is from its participle ''prōflīgātus'' “ruined, dissolute”.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of crushing enemies and of nearly finishing tasks.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ * 1520s – English ''profligate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To defeat decisively, [[m|en|crush]], overthrow.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To nearly finish (a task).^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[prōflīgātiō]]
+ * [[prōflīgātor]]
+ * [[prōflīgātus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[flīgō]]
+ * [[afflīgō]]
+ * [[īnflīgō]]
+ * [[en|profligate]]
+
+ ==Usage notes==
+ Gellius has a third-conjugation ''prōflīgere'', participle ''prōflīctus'' “ruined”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}