progredior Latin · revision 10107
17 Oct 2026, 01:38 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *gʰredʰ-}}
+
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [proːˈɡrɛ.di.ɔr]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [proˈɡrɛː.di.or]^(Wiktionary)
+
+ ==Forms==
+ '''prōgredior''' (present infinitive prōgredī, perfect active prōgressus sum); third (-iō variant) conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)
+ Plautus has fourth-conjugation forms, imperative ''prōgredīminō'' and infinitive ''prōgredīrī''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is [[af|la|prō-|gradior|t2=to step, walk]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨gradior⟩ to Proto-Italic ⟨*grad-(e)i-⟩, [[ine-pro|*g(ʰ)r̥d(ʰ)-(e)i-]], and explains the ⟨e⟩ of the compounds by vowel weakening.^(de Vaan 2008)
+
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citations are Plautus, of going forward.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant to go forward, advance, properly on foot, as in Plautus and Cicero's ''regredī quam prōgredī mālle'' “to prefer going back to going forward”; figuratively to proceed to a point in one's actions, go so far; and, as in the ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'', to develop, progress.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+
+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to go further, advance.^(Stelten 1995) English ''progress'' (early 15th century) is from its noun ''prōgressus''.^(Etymonline)
+
+ ==Timeline==
+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 86/82 BC – The ''Rhetorica ad Herennium'' uses it of progress.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of proceeding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Verb===
+ # To go forward, [[m|en|advance]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # To [[m|en|proceed]], go so far.^(OLD 2012)
+ # To develop, [[m|en|progress]].^(OLD 2012)
+
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[prōgressiō]]
+ * [[progressor]]
+ * [[prōgressus]]
+ * [[prōgressīvus]]
+
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[aggredior]]
+ * [[antegredior]]
+ * [[congredior]]
+ * [[dēgredior]]
+ * [[dīgredior]]
+ * [[ēgredior]]
+ * [[gradior]]
+ * [[ingredior]]
+ * [[regredior]]
+ * [[retrōgradior]]
+ * [[en|progress]]
+
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}