quadra Latin · revision 10100

17 Oct 2026, 01:38 by bogdan “New Latin entry (sources: de Vaan, OLD, Lewis & Short, TLL...)” current version
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+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Virgil|origins=ine-pro *kʷetwóres}}
+ 
+ ==Pronunciation==
+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈkʷa.dra]^(Wiktionary)
+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈkʷaː.dra]^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Forms==
+ '''quadra''' ''f'' (genitive quadrae); first declension^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Etymology==
+ It is the feminine of [[quadrus]] “square”, from [[quattuor]] “four”, and the OLD compares [[triquetrus]].^(Wiktionary)^(OLD 2012) De Vaan traces ⟨quattuor⟩ to [[ine-pro|*kʷetwṓr|t=four]], with ⟨quat-⟩ from zero-grade forms such as ⟨*kʷtru-⟩, cognate with Oscan ⟨pettiur⟩ “four”.^(de Vaan 2008)
+ 
+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==
+ The OLD's earliest citation is Virgil, of a quarter of a round loaf.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Virgil 70–19 BC.^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Semantic evolution==
+ It meant a quarter section of a round cake or loaf, a slice, as in Virgil; a square, as in Quintilian's ''in quadram'' “in a square”; in Vitruvius the side of a square, a face, the plinth of a column, and a raised flat band, fillet.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ Medieval Latin used it for a rectangular sheet of parchment and a castle district.^(Niermeyer 1976) British Medieval Latin used it for a quadrant section of bread or cheese.^(DMLBS) It survives as Italian ''quadra'' and Spanish ''cuadra''.^(Wiktionary)
+ 
+ ==Timeline==
+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a slice of loaf.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it in architecture.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)
+ * c. 35–95/96 AD – Quintilian uses it of a square.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)
+ 
+ ==Meanings==
+ ===Noun===
+ # A quarter (of a round loaf), a slice.^(OLD 2012)^(DMLBS)
+ # A [[m|en|square]].^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Lewis & Short 1879)
+ # The side of a square; a plinth.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ # ''(architecture)'' A [[m|en|fillet]].^(OLD 2012)
+ 
+ ==Word family==
+ * [[quadrula]]
+ 
+ ==Related words==
+ * [[quadrus]]
+ * [[quattuor]]
+ * [[quadrō]]
+ * [[quadrātum]]
+ 
+ ==Usage notes==
+ ''Quadra'' was also a Roman surname.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)
+ 
+ ==References==
+ {{reflist}}