rubicundus Latin · revision 10090

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Plautus|origins=ine-pro *h₁rewdʰ-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [rʊ.bɪˈkʊn.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ru.biˈkun.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''rubicundus''' (feminine rubicunda, neuter rubicundum, comparative rubicundior); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+ Comparative ''rubicundior''.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|rubeō|-cundus|t1=to be red]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨ruber⟩ to [[itc-pro|*ruþro-|t=red]], [[ine-pro|*h₁rudʰ-ró-|t=red]], cognate with Umbrian ⟨rufru⟩ and [[grc|ἐρυθρός|tr=eruthrós|t=red]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short and Gaffiot cite Plautus' ''Pseudolus'', ''ōre rubicundō'' “with a ruddy face”.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant red, ruddy, flushed, of the face and complexion, as in Plautus and Terence, and of crops red-gold, as in Virgil's ''rubicunda Cerēs'' “the ripened harvest”.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ British Medieval Latin used it for red, rosy, of the complexion and of the Red Sea, and it passed into a surname.^(DMLBS) English ''rubicund'' (early 15th century) is from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of a face.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the harvest.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''rubicund'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|ruddy|alt=Ruddy]], [[m|en|flushed]], red.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[rubicundulus]]

+ * [[subrubicundus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[rubeō]]

+ * [[ruber]]

+ * [[rubor]]

+ * [[en|rubicund]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}