stipes Latin · revision 10074

+ {{infobox|confidence=probable|formation=derivation|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *steyp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈstiː.pɛs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈstiː.pes]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''stīpes''' ''m'' (genitive stīpitis); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+ Petronius has a nominative ''stips''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ The OLD calls it perhaps cognate with [[stīpō]] “to pack tight”.^(OLD 2012) De Vaan reconstructs ⟨stīpō⟩ from an adjective ⟨*stīpo-⟩ “erect, rigid”, [[ine-pro|*steip-o-|t=stiff, erect]], and interprets ⟨stīpes⟩ as “the stiff one”, cognate with [[lt|stìpti|t=to stiffen]] and [[ang|stīf|t=stiff]].^(de Vaan 2008)^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Köbler's earliest source is Ennius, and the OLD's earliest citations are Catullus and Cicero.^(Köbler 2010)^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant the trunk or lower part of a tree, a log, as in Catullus and Virgil; a stout stick, stake, post, as in Cicero; and as an insult a blockhead, as in Terence.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means stem, trunk, log, post, and a family stock or ancestor.^(Stelten 1995) Medieval Latin used it for an instrument of torture or execution and the right to hang criminals.^(Niermeyer 1976) English ''stipe'' (1785) comes from the related ''stipa'' through French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a stake.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 190–159 BC – Terence uses it as an insult.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # A [[m|en|trunk]] (of a tree), [[m|en|log]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # A stake, [[m|en|post]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # ''(figurative)'' A [[m|en|blockhead]].^(Gaffiot 2016)

+ # ''(Ecclesiastical Latin)'' A family stock.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[stīpitātus]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stipō]]

+ * [[stips]]

+ * [[stipula]]

+ * [[stipulor]]

+ * [[stipulus]]

+ * [[stīpendium]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}