suffoco Latin · revision 10071

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Cicero|origins=la faucēs}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [sʊfˈfoː.koː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [sufˈfɔː.ko]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''suffōcō''' (present infinitive suffōcāre, perfect active suffōcāvī, supine suffōcātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Also spelled ''subfōcō''.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[m|la|sub-]] and the stem ⟨fōc-⟩ of [[faucēs]] “throat”, with [[m|la|-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Gaffiot cites Cicero's ''Prō Mūrēnā''.^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to choke, stifle, strangle, suffocate, by compressing the throat or depriving of air, as in Cicero and Seneca, and to drown, and Lewis & Short call it rare but classical.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to choke, throttle, strangle.^(Stelten 1995) English ''suffocate'' (early 15th century) is from its participle ''suffōcātus''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * early 15th century – English ''suffocate'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|choke]], [[m|en|strangle]], [[m|en|suffocate]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To drown.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[suffocabilis]]

+ * [[suffōcātiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[faucēs]]

+ * [[praefōcō]]

+ * [[en|suffocate]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}