testificor Latin · revision 10064

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Cicero|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [tɛsˈtɪ.fɪ.kɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [tesˈtiː.fi.kor]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''testificor''' (present infinitive testificārī, perfect active testificātus sum); first conjugation, deponent^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[testis]] “witness” and [[faciō]] “to make”, through ⟨-ficus⟩, with [[m|la|-or]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016) De Vaan explains ⟨testis⟩ from ⟨*tri-sth₂-i-⟩ “standing by as third”, cognate with Oscan ⟨trstus⟩ “witnesses”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Cicero, “to testify”.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to bear witness, give evidence, attest, testify solemnly, especially frequent in Cicero, and in Ovid to call to witness, invoke.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to testify, bear witness, attest, charge, bring to light.^(Stelten 1995) English ''testify'' (late 14th century) is from its family through Anglo-French.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of invoking a witness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * late 14th century – English ''testify'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To [[m|en|testify]], bear witness, [[m|en|attest]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # To call to witness.^(OLD 2012)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[testātiō]]

+ * [[testātus]]

+ * [[testificātiō]]

+ * [[testimōnium]]

+ * [[testis]]

+ * [[testor]]

+ * [[en|testify]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}