torpor Latin · revision 10063

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Lucilius|origins=ine-pro *terp-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɔr.pɔr]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɔr.por]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''torpor''' ''m'' (genitive torpōris); third declension^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|torpeō|-or|t1=to be numb, sluggish]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨torpeō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*torp-ē-|t=to be stiff]], [[ine-pro|*tr̥p-éh₁-|t=to be stiff]], cognate with [[lt|tirpti|t=to grow stiff]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Lucilius, of heaviness, drowsiness.^(OLD 2012) Köbler dates Lucilius c. 180–102 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant loss of feeling or power, numbness, paralysis, as of the numbing torpedo fish in Cicero; heaviness, drowsiness, as in Lucilius; and in Seneca lack of will, lethargy, sloth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means torpor, dullness, inactivity, sloth.^(Stelten 1995) English ''torpor'' is from it.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 180–102 BC – Lucilius uses it of drowsiness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of numbness.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses it of lethargy.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Noun===

+ # [[m|en|numbness|alt=Numbness]], paralysis.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Heaviness, [[m|en|drowsiness]].^(OLD 2012)

+ # [[m|en|lethargy|alt=Lethargy]], [[m|en|sloth]], [[m|en|torpor]].^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[torpōrō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[torpeō]]

+ * [[torpidus]]

+ * [[torpēdō]]

+ * [[en|torpor]]

+

+ ==Usage notes==

+ Lewis & Short give ''languor'' and ''veternus'' as synonyms.^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}