torridus Latin · revision 10062

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=derivation|attested=Lucretius|origins=ine-pro *ters-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [ˈtɔr.rɪ.dʊs]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈtɔr.ri.dus]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''torridus''' (feminine torrida, neuter torridum); first/second-declension adjective^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|torreō|-idus|t1=to parch, scorch]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨torreō⟩ to [[itc-pro|*tors-eje-|t=to scorch]], [[ine-pro|*tors-éye-|t=to make dry]], cognate with [[sa|तृष्यति|tr=tŕ̥ṣyati|t=is thirsty]].^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Lucretius, of parched earth.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant dried, parched, scorched by heat, and scorching hot, as of the earth in Lucretius and of fields in drought in Livy; and dried up, shrivelled, as by cold in Cicero, and of a lean animal.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means hot, dry, parched.^(Stelten 1995) British Medieval Latin used it also figuratively for burning with passion.^(DMLBS) English ''torrid'' (1580s) is from it, first in ''torrid zone'' from Medieval Latin ''torrida zōna''.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of things shrivelled by cold.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 1580s – English ''torrid'' is recorded.^(Etymonline)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Adjective===

+ # [[m|en|parched|alt=Parched]], scorched; scorching hot, [[m|en|torrid]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+ # Shrivelled (by cold); lean.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[praetorridus]]

+ * [[torrido]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[torreō]]

+ * [[torris]]

+ * [[torrēns]]

+ * [[en|torrid]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}