circumsto Latin · revision 10044

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Ennius|origins=ine-pro *steh₂-}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [kɪrˈkũː.stoː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [t͡ʃirˈkum.sto]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''circumstō''' (present infinitive circumstāre, perfect active circumstetī); first conjugation, no supine stem^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is [[af|la|circum-|stō|t2=to stand]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary) De Vaan traces ⟨stō⟩ to Proto-Italic ⟨*sta-ē-je/o-⟩ “to stand”, from [[ine-pro|*steh₂-|t=to stand]], with Umbrian ⟨stahu⟩ “I stand”.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ The OLD's earliest citation is Ennius, ''circumstant cum ārdentibus taedīs'' “they stand around with blazing torches”, quoted by Cicero.^(OLD 2012)^(Gaffiot 2016) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant intransitively to stand around, as in Ennius, and transitively to stand or gather round, surround, beset, as in Cicero, and Lewis & Short note that its perfect coincides with that of [[circumsistō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to be present, stand around.^(Stelten 1995)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of surrounding.^(OLD 2012)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To stand around.^(OLD 2012)^(Stelten 1995)

+ # To [[m|en|surround]], beset.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Word family==

+ * [[circumstantia]]

+ * [[circumstatiō]]

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[stō]]

+ * [[circumsistō]]

+ * [[en|circumstance]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}