belligero Latin · revision 10015

+ {{infobox|confidence=established|formation=compound|attested=Plautus|origins=la bellum, la gerō}}

+

+ ==Pronunciation==

+ * IPA (Classical): [bɛlˈlɪ.ɡɛ.roː]^(Wiktionary)

+ * IPA (Ecclesiastical): [belˈliː.d͡ʒe.ro]^(Wiktionary)

+

+ ==Forms==

+ '''belligerō''' (present infinitive belligerāre, perfect active belligerāvī, supine belligerātum); first conjugation^(Wiktionary)

+ Also deponent ''belligeror''.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Etymology==

+ It is from [[belliger]] “warlike”, from [[bellum]] “war” and [[gerō]] “to carry on”, with [[m|la|-ō]].^(OLD 2012)^(Wiktionary)^(Gaffiot 2016) De Vaan notes that ⟨bellum⟩ comes from older ⟨duellum⟩, still found in Plautus.^(de Vaan 2008)

+

+ ==Earliest recorded meaning==

+ Lewis & Short cite Ennius, quoted by Cicero, ''nec caupōnantēs bellum, sed belligerantēs'' “not huckstering war but waging it”, and Plautus.^(Lewis & Short 1879) Köbler dates Ennius 204–169 BC and Plautus c. 250–184 BC.^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Semantic evolution==

+ It meant to wage war, be at war, fight, as in Plautus' ''Captīvī'' and Livy's ''cum Gallīs belligerāre'' “to wage war with the Gauls”, and Cicero uses it figuratively of fighting with fortune, and Lewis & Short call it very rare.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Gaffiot 2016)

+

+ ==Timeline==

+ * c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 204–169 BC – Ennius uses it.^(Lewis & Short 1879)^(Köbler 2010)

+ * 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it.^(Gaffiot 2016)^(Köbler 2010)

+

+ ==Meanings==

+ ===Verb===

+ # To wage [[m|en|war]], fight.^(OLD 2012)^(Lewis & Short 1879)

+

+ ==Related words==

+ * [[bellum]]

+ * [[gerō]]

+ * [[belliger]]

+ * [[en|belligerent]]

+

+ ==References==

+ {{reflist}}