xastre

Forms

xastre m (plural xastres)^[1] Variants are sastre, zastre and chastre.^[1][2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Spanish sastre (“tailor”).^[1][4] The Spanish word was itself taken from Catalan sastre, earlier sartre, from Latin sartor (“patcher, mender”), a derivative of sarciō (“to patch, mend”).^[5][6][7] The REW lists the Portuguese form under the Latin word, beside the Catalan and Spanish ones.^[8]

Corominas notes that the native word in Castilian was Old Spanish alfayate, of Arabic origin, which is still the usual word in Portuguese (alfaiate).^[5] Documents from Galicia write xastre in 1484 and 1503 and sastre in 1520.^[9]

Earliest recorded meaning

The word is first recorded in Pereira's dictionary of 1697, which refers xastre to alfaiate.^[10]

Semantic evolution

Vieira in the 1870s marks sastre as antiquated and refers it, like xastre, to alfaiate.^[11][2] The original Caldas Aulete labels xastre old and quotes it from Almeida Garrett's Romanceiro (1851 edition): Mandou chamar os dois xastres “he sent for the two tailors”.^[4] Today it survives as a regional word of Beira and Trás-os-Montes, recorded in Valpaços and Barroso.^[12][1][3]

Timeline

• 1697 – Pereira's dictionary lists xastre and refers it to alfaiate.^[10]
• 1851 – Garrett's Romanceiro uses xastres.^[4]
• 1871–1874 – Vieira lists xastre with the variants sastre and zastre.^[2]

Meanings

Noun

1. (regional, Beira, Trás-os-Montes; archaic elsewhere) A tailor, the same as alfaiate: O xastre da aldeia fez-lhe o casaco.^{[12][1][3][4]}

Related words

• alfaiate
• Spanish sastre
• Latin sartor

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 1019
3. ^ a b c Instituto da Lingua Galega, Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (TLPGP), Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/tesouro, p. s.v. xastre
4. ^ a b c d Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. xastre
5. ^ a b Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 5, 174
6. ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. sastre
7. ^ Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. sastre
8. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 7614
9. ^ Instituto da Lingua Galega, Dicionario de dicionarios do galego medieval (DDGM), ed. Ernesto González Seoane, Santiago de Compostela: Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, https://ilg.usc.gal/ddgm, p. s.v. xastre
10. ^ a b Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. xastre
11. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 5, 413
12. ^ a b Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa, Lisboa: Priberam Informática, https://dicionario.priberam.org, p. s.v. xastre