ondear

Forms

ondear (first-person singular present ondeio, first-person singular preterite ondeei, past participle ondeado)^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Portuguese onda + -ear.^[2][3][4] Wiktionary also gives a Vulgar Latin *undizō, formed on unda (“wave”), as the source, with the Portuguese formation as an alternative analysis.^[1] The Vulgar Latin verb is the source of French ondoyer, through Old French ondoiier.^[5]

onda is inherited from the Latin noun.^[6][7] Cunha records a variant ondejar in the 16th century.^[8]

Earliest recorded meaning

The first record is a dictionary one: Cardoso's Portuguese–Latin dictionary of 1569 renders ondear with Latin fluctuō.^[9] Houaiss's first text date is 1572, and the original Caldas Aulete quotes Camões for the phrase com as ondas ondeando.^[2][10] Cunha dates the participle ondeado to 1572 too.^[8]

Semantic evolution

Bluteau describes two uses in the early 18th century: the work of a painter or sculptor who gives a wavy pattern to hair or drapery, and the movement of flags and garments in the wind.^[11] Morais in 1789 adds the moving flame, hair and clothes in the wind, cornfields, and the figurative sense of drifting on the waves of the world.^[12] Vieira adds the swaying gait of a drunkard.^[13] Houaiss records the later senses of a sound spreading in waves and of waving hair, natural or artificial.^[2]

Timeline

• 1569 – Cardoso glosses ondear with Latin fluctuo.^[9]
• 1572 – Houaiss's first text date;^[2][8] ondeado in the same year.^[2][8]
• 16th century – the variant ondejar.^[8]
• 1697 – Pereira renders it with fluctuo and undo.^[14]
• 1712–1728 – Bluteau records the painter's sense and the waving of flags.^[11]
• 1789 – Morais's dictionary adds flames, hair and cornfields.^[12]

Meanings

Verb

1. (intransitive, also pronominal) To move in waves (of water, the sea).^[2][4]
2. (intransitive) To spread or travel in waves: Um murmúrio ondeou pela plateia.^[2][15]
3. (intransitive) To wind, to meander: A estrada ondeia entre os montes.^[2][4]
4. (transitive and intransitive) To flutter or make flutter: A brisa ondeava as cortinas da janela.^[2][1]
5. (transitive) To give a wavy shape to; to wrinkle; to wave or curl (hair).^[2][16][1]

Word family

• ondeado

Related words

• onda
• ondular
• Latin unda

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. ondear
3. ^ Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, revised online edition (2023–) of the Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa Contemporânea (2001), https://dicionario.acad-ciencias.pt, p. s.v. ondear
4. ^ a b c Ferreira, Aurélio Buarque de Holanda, Novo dicionário Aurélio da língua portuguesa, digital edition, p. s.v. ondear
5. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. ondoyer
6. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. onda
7. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. onda
8. ^ a b c d e Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. s.v. onda
9. ^ a b Cardoso, Jerónimo (1569–1570), Dictionarium ex lusitanico in latinum sermonem, Lisboa: João Álvares (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. ondear
10. ^ Aulete, Francisco Júlio Caldas, Dicionário contemporâneo da língua portuguesa (1st ed. 1881), online as Aulete Digital, Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, https://aulete.com.br, p. s.v. ondear
11. ^ a b Bluteau, Raphael (1712–1728), Vocabulario portuguez e latino, 8 vols. + 2 supplement vols., Coimbra / Lisboa (CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. ondear
12. ^ a b Silva, António de Morais (1789), Diccionario da lingua portugueza composto pelo padre D. Rafael Bluteau, reformado, e accrescentado, 2 vols., Lisboa: Simão Thaddeo Ferreira, p. 2, 133
13. ^ Vieira, Frei Domingos (1871–1874), Grande Diccionario Portuguez ou Thesouro da lingua portugueza, 5 vols., Porto: Ernesto Chardron e Bartholomeu H. de Moraes, p. 4, 553
14. ^ Pereira, Bento (1697), Thesouro da lingoa portuguesa, in the 1697 edition of his Prosodia (1st ed. 1647; CLP transcription, Universidade de Aveiro), p. s.v. ondear
15. ^ Michaelis: Moderno Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, São Paulo: Melhoramentos (online as Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa, https://michaelis.uol.com.br), p. s.v. ondear
16. ^ Porto Editora (2013), Grande Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa, Porto: Porto Editora, p. 6683