Dutch words from Proto-West Germanic
284 Dutch words with Proto-West Germanic in their history, whether borrowed directly or passed on through other languages (page 5).
vrij
It is inherited from Middle Dutch vrî, inherited from Old Dutch frī, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frī, inherited from Proto-Germanic *frija- (“free”). The same word is Old Saxon frī, Old High…
vroeg
It is inherited from Middle Dutch vroech, beside the older vroe, inherited from Old Dutch fruo, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frō (“early”), inherited from Proto-Germanic *frō. The same word…
vrolijk
It is inherited from Middle Dutch vrôlijc, inherited from Old Dutch frōlīko (recorded as an adverb), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frawalīk. It is formed with the suffix -lijk from the…
vrouw
It is inherited from Middle Dutch vrouwe, inherited from Old Dutch frouwa (“lady”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *frauwjā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *frawjǭ (“lady”). The same word is Old…
waar
1. The word for goods is inherited from Middle Dutch ware, inherited from Proto-Germanic *warō. The same word is Middle Low German ware (whence Middle High German ⟨ware⟩ and modern German Ware), Old…
waarheid
It is inherited from Middle Dutch waerhede, inherited from Old Dutch wārheit, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wārahaidu (“truth”). It is formed from the adjective waar “true” with the suffix…
wacht
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wachte, inherited from Old Dutch wahta, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wahtu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wahtwō (“watch, vigil”). The same noun is Old…
wachten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wachten, inherited from Old Dutch *wahton, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wahtwēn, a verb formed from the noun wacht “watch, guard”. The Old Dutch verb is…
wapen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wâpen, inherited from Old Dutch wāpan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wāpn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wēpną (“weapon”). The same noun is Old Saxon wāpan…
wat
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wat, inherited from Old Dutch wat, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hwat, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hwat. The same word is Old Saxon hwat, Old High German…
water
It is inherited from Middle Dutch water, inherited from Old Dutch watar, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *watar, inherited from Proto-Germanic *watōr (“water”). The same word is Old Saxon watar…
week
1. The noun for seven days is inherited from Middle Dutch weke, inherited from Old Dutch *wica, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wikā, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wikǭ (“sequence; turn”). The…
weer
1. The adverb is inherited from Middle Dutch weder, inherited from Old Dutch withero, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wiþr, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wiþrą (“against”). The contracted…
weg
1. The noun is inherited from Middle Dutch wech, inherited from Old Dutch weg, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *weg, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wegaz (“way”). The same word is Old Saxon weg…
wel
1. The adverb meaning “well” is inherited from Middle Dutch wel (beside wale), inherited from Old Dutch wala, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wela. The EWN gives the Germanic form as ⟨*welō-⟩. The…
wereld
It is inherited from Middle Dutch werelt, inherited from Old Dutch werolt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *weraldi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *weraldiz. The same word is Old Saxon werold…
werk
It is inherited from Middle Dutch werc, inherited from Old Dutch werc, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *werk, inherited from Proto-Germanic *werką (“work, deed”). The same word is Old Saxon werk…
werken
It is inherited from Middle Dutch werken, inherited from Old Dutch wirken, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wirkijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wirkijaną (“to make, effect”), a verb formed…
wervel
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wervel, inherited from Old Dutch *wirvil, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hwirbil, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hwirbila-. It is formed from the verb werven…
weten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch weten, inherited from Old Dutch witan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *witan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *witaną (“to know”). The same verb is Old Saxon…
wie
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wie, inherited from Old Dutch wie, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *hwaʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *hwaz (“who”). The same pronoun is Old Saxon hwē, Old…
wig
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wegge, inherited from Old Dutch *weggi, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wagi, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wagja- (“wedge”). The same word is Old Frisian…
wij
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wi, inherited from Old Dutch wī, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wiʀ, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wīz (“we”). Old Dutch also has the eastern form wir, which…
willen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch willen, inherited from Old Dutch willen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *willjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wiljaną (“to want”). The same verb is Old Saxon…
winnen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch winnen, inherited from Old Dutch winnan (“to earn, obtain”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *winnan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *winnaną (“to toil; to…
wonder
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wonder, inherited from Old Dutch wunder, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wundr, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wundra- (“something that causes wonder”). The…
wonen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wonen, inherited from Old Dutch wonon (“to dwell, stay”), inherited from Proto-West Germanic *wunēn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wunāną. The same verb is Old…
woord
It is inherited from Middle Dutch wort, inherited from Old Dutch wort, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *word, inherited from Proto-Germanic *wurdą (“word”). The same noun is Old Saxon word, Old…
worden
It is inherited from Middle Dutch werden, inherited from Old Dutch werthan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *werþan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *werþan-. The same verb is Old Saxon werthan…
zaak
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sake, inherited from Old Dutch saka, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *saku, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sakō- (“quarrel, lawsuit”). The same word is Old Saxon…
zat
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sat, inherited from Old Dutch sat, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sad, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sada- (“sated, full”). The same word is Gothic 𐍃𐌰𐌸𐍃…
zeggen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch segghen, inherited from Old Dutch seggen, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *saggjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sagjan- (“to say, recount”). The same verb is…
zeker
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sēker, inherited from Old Dutch *sikur, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sikur (“free, secure”), borrowed from Latin sēcūrus (“free from care, safe”). The Latin…
zien
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sien, inherited from Old Dutch sian, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sehwan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sehwan-. The same verb is Old Saxon sehan, Old High…
zijn
1. The verb meaning “to be” is inherited from Middle Dutch sijn, inherited from Old Dutch sīn. Like the verb for “to be” in every Germanic language, it is irregular: its forms go back to three…
zinken
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sinken, inherited from Old Dutch *sincan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sinkwan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sinkwan- (“to sink”). The same verb is Old…
zitten
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sitten, inherited from Old Dutch sitten, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sittjan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sitjaną (“to sit”). The same verb is Old Saxon…
zo
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sô, inherited from Old Dutch sō, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *swā, which Wiktionary explains as a merger of Proto-Germanic *swa and *swē. The same word is…
zoeken
It is inherited from Middle Dutch soeken, inherited from Old Dutch suoken, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sōkijan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sōkijaną (“to seek”). The same verb is Old…
zoon
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sōne, inherited from Old Dutch suno, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sunu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *sunuz (“son”), inherited from Proto-Indo-European…
zorg
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sorge, inherited from Old Dutch sorga, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sorgu, inherited from Proto-Germanic *surgō. The Etymologisch woordenboek gives the…
zorgen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sorgen, inherited from Old Dutch sorgon, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *sorgēn, inherited from Proto-Germanic *surgāną (“to worry, be concerned”), a verb…
zout
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sout, inherited from Old Dutch salt, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *salt, inherited from Proto-Germanic *saltą (“salt”). Middle Dutch also had the eastern form…
zullen
It is inherited from Middle Dutch sullen, inherited from Old Dutch sulan, inherited from Proto-West Germanic *skulan, inherited from Proto-Germanic *skulaną (“to owe, to be obliged”). It is a…