eruit

Forms

eruit^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Middle Dutch erute, a combination of the reduced form of the pronominal adverb daer (“there”) and the adverb ute (“out”), which 13th-century texts always write separately.^[2] Modern dictionaries analyse it as from Dutch er + uit, one of the pronominal adverbs that stand for ⟨uit⟩ with a pronoun, as in ⟨uit het⟩ or ⟨uit ze⟩.^[3][1][4] The element er itself goes back partly to the unstressed form of daar, which lost its ⟨d⟩ after words ending in a dental, as in ⟨gaat der⟩ becoming ⟨gaat-er⟩.^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The oldest record, from Brabant in 1265, is in the life of Saint Lutgard, in the spatial sense “out of it”.^[2] Other 13th-century uses are spatial, of smoke and stench coming out, and legal, of giving up a property or a rent paid out of land, as in Damme in 1297.^[2]

Semantic evolution

In Middle Dutch the combination was used for movement out of a place, for giving up rights (erute gaen), and for a rent or tax that was paid out of a piece of land.^[2] Modern Dutch writes it as one word and also uses it as the adverbial part of separable verbs.^[4][3]

Several phrases have their own meanings: eruit komen is to get out of bed, and also to find a solution, and iemand eruit lopen or eruit fietsen is to outrun or outride someone.^[6] Used alone as an exclamation, eruit! means “get out!”.^[1]

Timeline

• 1265 – Middle Dutch ikker vt, “I out of it”, in the life of Saint Lutgard (Brabant).^[2]
• 1287 – Der+vte of a stench coming out, in a West Flemish text.^[2]
• 1297 – Erute gaen “to give up a right”, in Damme.^[2]

Meanings

Adverb

1. Out of it, out of the thing mentioned or meant: Haal de sleutel eruit.^[6][3][1]
2. (as an exclamation) Out!, get out!^[1]
3. The adverbial part of separable verbs such as eruitzien and eruit komen.^[4][6]

Word family

• eruitzien

Related words

• er
• uit
• erin
• eraf

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g Pijnenburg, W. J. J., et al. (2001), Vroegmiddelnederlands woordenboek: woordenboek van het Nederlands van de dertiende eeuw in hoofdzaak op basis van het Corpus-Gysseling, Leiden: Instituut voor Nederlandse Lexicologie; gtb.ivdnt.org
3. ^ a b c Algemeen Nederlands Woordenboek (2009–), Instituut voor de Nederlandse Taal, Leiden; anw.ivdnt.org
4. ^ a b c WikiWoordenboek (Dutch Wiktionary), nl.wiktionary.org
5. ^ Philippa, Marlies; Debrabandere, Frans; Quak, Arend; Schoonheim, Tanneke; Sijs, Nicoline van der (2003–2009), Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands, 4 vols., Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press; online via etymologiebank.nl
6. ^ a b c Van Dale Groot woordenboek hedendaags Nederlands (2014), Utrecht / Antwerpen: Van Dale Uitgevers