wardo
Forms
wardō (present infinitive wardāre, perfect active wardāvī, supine wardātum); first conjugation[1]
Etymology
It is a medieval verb, borrowed from Frankish *wardōn (“to guard, protect”).[1][2] Niermeyer and the DMLBS derive it within Latin from warda (“watch, guard”), itself a Germanic word.[3][4] The Frankish verb goes back to Proto-Germanic *wardōn (“to guard”).[5]
Earliest recorded meaning
The earliest certain example is the prefixed form rewardant in the Reichenau Glossary;[1] a 7th-century guardare is reported but not confirmed.[1]
Semantic evolution
In medieval Latin it meant to herd cattle, to be on one's guard against someone, and to guard a castle or an estate.[3][1] It is also spelled gardare and guardare;[3][2] an Italian charter of 1198 has it for keeping and defending.[2] In Britain it meant to protect.[4]
It survives in Italian guardare and its dialect relatives,[1] and the Frankish verb also gave Old French garder.[5]
Timeline
- 1198 – An Italian charter uses guardare for guarding and defending.[2]
- 1283 – A Gascon roll uses gardare of guarding the people of a town.[4]
Meanings
Verb
- (Medieval Latin) To herd cattle.[3][1]
- (Medieval Latin) To guard against, be on one's guard.[3]
- (Medieval Latin) To guard, protect (a castle, an estate, a people).[3][2][4]
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
- ^ a b c d e f Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
- ^ a b c d Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
- ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com