Etymologically
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visualis

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [wiː.suˈaː.lɪs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [vi.s̬uˈaː.lis][1]

Forms

vīsuālis (neuter vīsuāle); third-declension two-termination adjective[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin vīsus (“sight, the power of seeing”) + -ālis.[2][3][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Calcidius (c. 300 AD) is the first to use it, in his commentary on Plato's Timaeus, where he speaks of the ray of sight.[3][4]

Semantic evolution

In Late Latin it meant belonging to sight or gained by sight: Cassiodorus speaks of proof obtained by seeing, and Theodorus Priscianus uses the neuter plural vīsuālia for the powers of sight.[2][3] The adverb vīsuāliter, “visibly”, is also Late.[2]

In the optics of medieval Britain it is used of sight and visual perception, and above all in the phrase radius visualis, the ray thought to go from the eye to what it sees.[5] English borrowed it as visual in the early 15th century, with that same idea of a beam from the eye.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 300 AD – Calcidius speaks of the ray of sight.[3][4]
  • c. 400 AD – Theodorus Priscianus uses vīsuālia for the powers of sight.[2][3][4]
  • c. 485–c. 580 AD – Cassiodorus speaks of proof gained by sight.[2][3][4]
  • early 15th century – Borrowed into English as visual.[6]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Of sight; gained by sight.[2][3][5]
  2. (neuter plural as noun, vīsuālia) The powers of vision.[2][3]
  3. (Medieval Latin) radius visualis: the visual ray, going from the eye to the object seen.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
  4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ a b c Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
  6. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com