Etymologically
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universitas

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [uː.nɪˈwɛr.sɪ.taːs][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [u.niˈvɛr.si.tas][1]

Forms

ūniversitās f (genitive ūniversitātis); third declension[1]

Etymology

It is from ūniversus “all together, whole”, from ⟨ūni-⟩ “one” and ⟨versus⟩ “turned”, with the suffix -tās.[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of the whole and of the universe.[2] Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant the whole taken together, entirety, as Cicero's ūniversitās generis hūmānī “the whole human race”, and in Columella the overall aspect of a thing.[2][3][5] In Cicero ūniversitās rērum was the universe.[2][3] In Gaius' law it meant a collective unit of property, and a corporate body of persons, a community.[2]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant completeness, a company, community, guild, society, corporation, and a university.[6] Medieval Latin used it of the universality of the Church and of a collectivity of persons.[7] English university came about 1300, of an institution of higher learning.[8]

Timeline

  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the whole and of the universe.[2][4]
  • 1st century AD – Columella uses it of an overall aspect.[2][4]
  • 140–180 AD – Gaius uses it of a corporation.[2][4]
  • c. 1300 – English university is recorded.[8]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The whole, entirety; the universe.[2]
  2. (law) A collective property; a corporation, community.[2]
  3. (Medieval Latin) A guild; a university.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  8. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com