Etymologically
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turbido

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turbido1 make turbid

Forms

turbidō (present infinitive turbidāre, perfect active turbidāvī, supine turbidātum); first conjugation[1][2]

Etymology

The verb is from Latin turbidus (“muddy, troubled”).[1][2][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Its first author is Solinus, who uses it of making water muddy.[1][2][4]

Semantic evolution

L&S labels the verb post-classical.[1] Martianus Capella uses it of clouded air and, figuratively, of disturbing gladness;[1][4] Sidonius speaks of troubling the serenity of the soul.[2][3]

Timeline

  • 1st half 3rd century AD – Solinus uses it of making water muddy.[1][5]
  • c. 431–486 AD – Sidonius uses it figuratively of troubling the calm of the mind.[2][5]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To make turbid or muddy, cloud (water, air).[1][2][4]
  2. (figurative) To disturb, trouble.[1][3][4]

turbido2 storm; turbidity

Forms

turbīdō f (genitive turbīdinis); third declension[2][3] It is also spelled turbēdō.[2][5]

Etymology

The noun is from Latin turbō (“to disturb”) according to Köbler, who also connects it with turba.[5] Georges and Gaffiot derive it from ⟨turbō⟩ without saying more,[2][3] and Dvoretsky equates it with the noun turbō (“whirlwind”).[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first found in a sermon of Augustine, figuratively, of the “storms” of spiritual wickedness.[2][3][5]

Semantic evolution

A letter of Rusticus pairs turbedines with procellae, the storms of this life.[2] Fortunatus, in his Life of Radegund, uses it concretely for the cloudiness of a liquid.[2][3]

Timeline

  • 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it of the storms of spiritual wickedness.[2][5]

Meanings

Noun

  1. (figurative) A storm, turmoil.[2][3][5]
  2. Turbidity, the cloudiness of a liquid.[2][3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  4. ^ a b c d Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
  5. ^ a b c d e f g Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ Dvoretsky, I. Kh. (1976), Latinsko-russkij slovarʹ [Latin–Russian Dictionary], 2nd ed., Moscow: Russkij jazyk