Etymologically
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tractus

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Forms

tractus m (genitive tractūs); fourth declension[1]

Etymology

It is from trahō “to draw, drag” with the suffix of action nouns -tus.[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Sallust, of dragging.[2] Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates Sallust 86–34 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant dragging, pulling along, as Virgil's wheel groaning as it is drawn, and in Ovid the gliding of a snake.[2][5][6] It meant the course of things, of heavenly bodies, and in Cicero of style an even flow.[2] In Vitruvius it meant drawing in air, in Ovid stretching out, and in Lucretius a track or trail, in Cicero the drawing of a line.[2] From Sallust it meant extent, distance, and in Cicero a tract, region of land, sea or air.[2] In Tacitus it meant prolongation in time, and in Lucretius a period.[2] Döderlein explains that locus is a space as a point, while tractus is a line extending into the distance, a tract of country.[7]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant the Tract, formerly part of the Mass, and a tract, treatise, course.[8] Medieval Latin used it for a place for fishing.[9] It survives in French trait, which gave English trait in the 1580s, and in Italian tratto.[1][3] English tract came in the mid-15th century, first a period of time.[3]

Timeline

  • 86–34 BC – Sallust uses it of dragging and of extent.[2][4]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a region.[2][4]
  • 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of prolongation in time.[2][4]
  • mid-15th century – English tract is recorded.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. Dragging, pulling.[2]
  2. A course; of style, flow.[2]
  3. Drawing in; drawing out.[2]
  4. A track, trail; the drawing of a line.[2]
  5. Extent, distance.[2]
  6. A tract, region.[2]
  7. Prolongation; a period.[2]
  8. (Ecclesiastical Latin) The Tract of the Mass; a treatise.[8]

Word family

  • tractuōsus

Usage notes

Döderlein distinguishes it from locus, a space thought of as a point.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  7. ^ a b Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  8. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  9. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill