Etymologically
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superprehendo

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [sʊ.pɛr.preˈ(ɦ)ɛn.doː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [su.per.preˈɛn.do][1]

Forms

superprehendō (present infinitive superprehendere, perfect active superprehendī, supine superprehēnsum); third conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Latin super- + prehendō (“to seize”).[1][2] Wiktionary takes the New Latin verb for a calque of a modern language, possibly French surprendre.[1] French surprendre goes back to Old French sorprendre (“to overtake, seize”), from sur- and prendre, from Latin prendere.[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler first records the medieval verb, in the spellings superpraehendere, superprehendere and superprendere, in the Lex Ribuaria and in Hincmar, meaning to seize something unlawfully.[2]

Semantic evolution

In Medieval Latin the verb, usually written superprendere or supprendere, meant to take more than one has a right to, to usurp or engross unlawfully.[4][5][6] Du Cange quotes the Lex Ribuaria on anyone who takes even a little beyond his due from his co-owner (consors).[5] Later, in New Latin, superprehendere was used, rarely, for seizing someone unexpectedly, to surprise.[1]

Timeline

  • 763/764? – The Lex Ribuaria uses it for taking unlawfully from a co-owner's share.[2][5]
  • 9th century – Hincmar uses it.[2]

Meanings

Verb

  1. (Medieval Latin, law) To seize or appropriate unlawfully, to usurp.[4][2][6]
  2. (New Latin, rare) To seize unexpectedly, to surprise.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  3. ^ Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  5. ^ a b c du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre
  6. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard, Liber exquisiti xenii: Lexikon frühmittelalterlicher Rechtswörter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de