Etymologically
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ruptura

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [rʊpˈtuː.ra][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [rupˈtuː.ra][1]

Forms

ruptūra f (genitive ruptūrae); first declension[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin rumpō (“to break, burst”) + -ūra.[2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first found in Aulus Gellius, for the fracture of a limb.[2][3][4]

Semantic evolution

Vegetius uses it for the bursting of a vein.[5][4]

In medieval Latin it meant any act of breaking or bursting, a breaking out of prison, a breach, and the breaking of an agreement or truce.[6] In medicine it named a hernia,[6] and it was the name of a disease of hawks.[6] Land newly broken by the plough was also called ruptura: Niermeyer gives the reclaiming of waste land, the reclaimed land itself, the rent paid on it and a cleared path,[7] and the DMLBS has the same sense of an assart.[6] English rupture comes partly from it and partly through Old French.[8] Italian rottura continues the post-classical word.[9]

Timeline

  • c. 165 AD – Aulus Gellius uses it for the fracture of a limb.[2][4]
  • c. 400 AD – Vegetius uses it for the bursting of a vein.[5][4]
  • 1072 – It appears in charters.[4]
  • late 14th century – English borrows it as rupture, at first in medicine.[8]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A fracture of a limb, or a rupture of a vein or vessel.[2][3][5]
  2. (Medieval Latin) A breaking or bursting; a breach; the breaking of an agreement or truce.[6]
  3. (Medieval Latin, medicine) A hernia.[6]
  4. (Medieval Latin) The reclaiming of waste land; an assart, land newly brought into cultivation; the rent paid on it.[7][6]
  5. (Medieval Latin) A cleared path.[7]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ a b c Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
  7. ^ a b c Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  8. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  9. ^ Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier