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quamvis

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ˈkʷam.wiːs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ˈkʷam.vis][1]

Forms

quamvīs (not comparable)[1]

Etymology

It is formed from quam “as much as” and vīs, the second person singular of volō “to want”: “as much as you like”.[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Plautus has audācter quamvīs dīcitō, “speak boldly, as much as you like”, and quamvīs sermōnēs possunt longī texier, “speeches can be spun out as long as you like”.[2]

Semantic evolution

The adverb first means “as much as you like, to any degree”, hence “ever so, very” (quamvīs paucī, “however few”).[2][4] As a conjunction with the subjunctive it introduces a concession of possibility, “however (much)”, “although”; from Nepos on it also takes the indicative, like quamquam, “in spite of the fact that”.[2][4][1] Celsus and later writers use it at the head of a sentence, “however, yet”.[2]

Church Latin glosses it “even, as you will, although”.[5]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus: audācter quamvīs dīcitō.[2][3]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero: vīdī armātōs quamvīs paucōs; magna vīs est, “I saw armed men, however few; that is great violence”.[2][3]
  • c. 100–24 BC – Nepos uses it with the indicative: quamvīs carēbat nōmine, “although he lacked the title”.[2][3]

Meanings

Adverb

  1. As much as you like, to any degree.[2][4][1]
  2. Ever so, very; however (much).[2][4][1][5]
  3. (at the head of a sentence) However, yet.[2]

Conjunction

  1. (with subjunctive) However much, although.[2][4][1][5]
  2. (with indicative) In spite of the fact that, although.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  4. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  5. ^ a b c Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson