procubo

Forms

prōcubō (present infinitive prōcubāre, perfect active prōcubāvī, supine prōcubātum); first conjugation^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin prō- + cubō (“to lie down”).^[2][1][3][4] The TLL notes that it expresses the result of prōcumbō (“to fall forward, lie prostrate”): to lie stretched out.^[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first found in Virgil's Georgics, of the shadow of a rock that stretches out: ubi saxea procubet umbra, “where a rocky shade lies spread”.^[3][5][6]

Semantic evolution

It is a rare poetic word.^[5] Besides Virgil's spreading shade, Claudian uses it of the god Gradivus lying outstretched on the Getic Haemus: procubat horrendus Getico Gradivus in Haemo.^[5][7][8] The grammarian Eutyches lists it with the conjugation -ō, -ās.^[3]

Timeline

• 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of a rock's shade spreading out.^[3][9]

Meanings

Verb

1. To lie outstretched, lie at full length.^[2][5][7]
2. (of a shadow) To stretch out, extend.^[8][6]

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ a b c d e Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ Bianchi, Rossella; Lelli, Olga (2014), VOLI: Vocabolario di latino, Florence: Le Monnier
5. ^ a b c d Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
6. ^ a b Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
7. ^ a b Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
8. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
9. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de