Etymologically
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pharetratus

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [pʰa.rɛˈtraː.tʊs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [fa.reˈtraː.tus][1]

Forms

pharetrātus (feminine pharetrāta, neuter pharetrātum); first/second-declension adjective[1] The second syllable is found short, and also long by position, from Virgil on.[2]

Etymology

It is from Latin pharetra (“quiver”) + -ātus.[3][1][4] The noun is a borrowing of Ancient Greek φαρέτρα (pharétra, “quiver”);[3][5][1] Köbler compares Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to carry”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler records it first in Virgil.[4] Virgil uses it of the neighbourhood of quivered Persia (pharetrātae vīcīnia Persidis) in the Georgics and of Camilla in the Aeneid.[6][2]

Semantic evolution

Lewis & Short call it poetic.[6] Horace uses it of the Geloni, Ovid of a boy, Cupid, and of a maiden, Diana, and Juvenal of Semiramis.[6]

Timeline

  • 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it of the Persians and of Camilla.[6][2][4]
  • 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of the Geloni.[6][4]
  • 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses it of Cupid and Diana.[6][4]
  • c. 67–c. 127 AD – Juvenal uses it of Semiramis.[6][4]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Equipped with or wearing a quiver.[3][6][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  3. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ Saalfeld, Günther Alexander (1874), Index Graecorum vocabulorum in linguam latinam translatorum, Berlin: Weidmann
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press