Etymologically
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perspicio

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [pɛrˈspɪ.ki.oː][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [perˈspiː.t͡ʃi.o][1]

Forms

perspiciō (present infinitive perspicere, perfect active perspexī, supine perspectum); third (-iō variant) conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is from per- “through” and speciō “to look”.[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of recognizing with the mind.[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant to look through, see into, as Caesar's hedges “which could not even be seen through”, and in Pliny to see across.[2][5][6] It meant to inspect thoroughly, survey, scrutinize, and in Cicero to examine mentally, study.[2] From Terence it meant to discern with the eyes, and in Plautus to become aware of, recognize with the mind.[2]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to look into, have regard for, examine.[7] Its derivatives give English perspective, from Medieval Latin perspectīva “optics”, English perspicuous and English perspicacious.[8]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of recognizing.[2][4]
  • 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of discerning.[2][4]
  • c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of seeing through.[6][4]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of scrutinizing.[2][4]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To inspect thoroughly, scrutinize; to examine mentally.[2]
  2. To look through; to see across.[2]
  3. To discern, perceive; to recognize.[2]

Word family

  • perspectio
  • perspector
  • perspicabilis
  • perspicāx
  • perspicibilis
  • perspicientia
  • perspicuus

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  8. ^ Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com