patriarchalis

Forms

patriarchālis (neuter patriarchāle); third-declension two-termination adjective^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Latin patriarcha (“patriarch”) + -ālis,^[2][1][3] a Late Latin word.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Augustine quotes it from his opponent Crispinus, who calls his own reply a “patriarchal” saying, taken from Job;^[2] it refers there to the patriarchs of the Old Testament.^[2]

Semantic evolution

In Alcimus Avitus and Fulgentius it still refers to the Old Testament patriarchs.^[2] From the 6th century it was used in church language of the patriarchal sees, Rome and Constantinople in the Collectio Avellana,^[2] and of a patriarch's rank in Justinian's Novels.^[2][5]

Medieval Latin used it of the five sees of Alexandria, Antioch, Constantinople, Jerusalem and Rome,^[4] of the principal churches of Rome,^[4][6] and in England of the archdiocese of Canterbury.^[4] Italian patriarcale comes from it.^[5]

Timeline

• 354–430 AD – Augustine quotes it from Crispinus.^[2][6]
• c. 451–518 AD – Alcimus Avitus uses it of the Old Testament patriarchs.^[3][6]
• 1298 – A Canterbury document calls its church metropolitan and patriarchal.^[4]
• mid-15th century – English has patriarchal, perhaps from Medieval Latin.^[7]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Of the Old Testament patriarchs.^[2][4]
2. (Ecclesiastical Latin) Of a church patriarch or a patriarchal see.^[2][4][8]
3. (Medieval Latin) Of one of the principal basilicas of Rome.^[4][6]
4. (Medieval Latin) Of an archbishop, of Canterbury.^[4]

Related words

• English patriarchal

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
3. ^ a b Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
5. ^ a b Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
7. ^ Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
8. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson