palliatus

Forms

palliātus (feminine palliāta, neuter palliātum); first/second-declension adjective^[1] Often spelled palleātus.^[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin pallium (“cloak, mantle”) + -ātus (“provided with”),^[4][1] a derivation the grammarian Priscian already gives.^[2] De Vaan finds no etymology for palla and its family and thinks it may be a loanword.^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is found from Plautus on,^[5] first in the Curculio: istī Graecī palliātī, capite opertō quī ambulant, “those Greeks in cloaks who walk about with their heads covered”.^[4][6]

Semantic evolution

The pallium was the typical Greek dress, as the toga was the Roman, and palliātus often marked a Greek: Cicero mocks a juror who is now in the pallium, now in the toga, and tells an opponent he may object as often as he likes that a man was often seen in it.^[4][6] Pliny the Elder used it of statues in the cloak,^[4] and Valerius Maximus contrasted the cloaked Pythagoras with trousered barbarians.^[4][6] Varro says that comedies adapted from Greek plays were called palliātae from the dress of their characters, the name used for the comedy of Plautus and Terence.^[4][6] Valerius Maximus also used it figuratively for covered or protected.^[6]

Medieval Latin applied it to churchmen and objects: veiled, wearing a cope, covered with drapery, lined with silk, and invested with the pallium.^[3]

Timeline

• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of Greeks in cloaks.^[4][7]
• 116–27 BC – Varro explains the name of the fabula palliāta.^[4][7]
• 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a man in Greek dress.^[4][7]
• 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of statues.^[4][7]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Wearing a pallium, cloaked, especially as typical Greek dress.^[4][6]
2. fabula palliāta: a Roman comedy adapted from Greek New Comedy.^[4][6]
3. Greek, as opposed to barbarian.^[4]
4. (figurative) Covered, protected.^[6]
5. (Medieval Latin) Veiled; wearing a cope; lined with silk; invested with the pallium.^[3]

Noun

1. A man wearing a pallium; a statue in a pallium.^[4]

Related words

• palliastrum
• palliolātim
• palliolātus
• palliolum
• pallium

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
3. ^ a b c Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
5. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
6. ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de