Etymologically
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palaestra

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [paˈɫae̯s.tra][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [paˈlɛs.tra][1]

Forms

palaestra f (genitive palaestrae); first declension[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek παλαίστρα (palaístra, “wrestling school”).[2][1][3] Köbler relates the Greek word to παλαίω (palaíō, “to wrestle”), whose further origin is unclear.[3] Servius derived it from the Greek words for wrestling or for brandishing.[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler dates it from Plautus.[3] In the OLD's earliest quotation Plautus names the palaestra beside the forum.[2]

Semantic evolution

It is a wrestling place, with a floor surrounded by changing rooms, and Lewis & Short describe youths exercising there naked and anointed with oil.[2][5] It is also the exercise of the palaestra: Terence has someone tested in letters, in the palaestra and in music.[2] Figuratively it is adroitness: Cicero will use the skill he learned from a friend to satisfy everyone.[2] Wiktionary also gives rhetorical exercise or a school of rhetoric, and in comedy a brothel.[1] Church Latin glosses it gymnasium, school.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of the palaestra and the forum.[2][3]
  • 190–159 BC – Terence of exercise in the palaestra.[2][3]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero of adroitness.[2][3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A wrestling school, place of exercise, gymnasium.[2][5][1][6]
  2. Wrestling, the exercises of the palaestra.[2][1]
  3. Figuratively, adroitness, skill; rhetorical exercise.[2][1]
  4. In comedy, a brothel.[1]

Word family

  • palaestricus
  • palaestēs
  • palaestrica
  • palaestricē
  • palaestricōs
  • palaestrīta

Usage notes

Palaestra is also a woman's name, a character in Plautus' Rudens.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  4. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  5. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson