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observatio

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ɔp.sɛrˈwaː.ti.oː][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ob.serˈvat.t͡si.o][1]

Forms

observātiō f (genitive observātiōnis); third declension[1] It is also spelled opservātiō.[2]

Etymology

It is from observō “to watch, observe” with the suffix -tiō.[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of keeping watch.[2] Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant watching as a precaution, surveillance, as in Plautus, and in Cicero observation, attention, and the observance of rules.[2] In Celsus it meant a usage, practice, in Pliny the Elder a remark, note, and in Seneca deferential attention.[2]

Medieval Latin used it for practice conforming to rules, and a rule, regulation.[5] British Medieval Latin used it for watching omens or someone's arrival, and a note, observation.[6] It survives in Italian osservazione and French observation, and through Old French it gave English observation in the late 14th century, first of performing a rite.[1][3]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of watching.[2][4]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of attention and observance.[2][4]
  • late 14th century – English observation is recorded.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. Observation, attention.[2]
  2. Watching; surveillance.[2]
  3. The observance (of rules); a usage.[2]
  4. A remark, note.[2]
  5. Deferential attention.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  6. ^ Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press