Etymologically
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obirascor

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ɔ.biːˈraːs.kɔr][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [o.biˈras.kor][1]

Forms

obīrāscor (present infinitive obīrāscī, perfect active obīrātus sum); third conjugation, deponent[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin ob- + īrāscor (“to be angry”).[2][3][1] The TLL glosses it as being angry in return or against someone.[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

It is first found as the participle in Livy, of men who, angry with fortune, had abandoned the worship of the gods: fortunae obirati cultum reliquerant deum.[3][4][5]

Semantic evolution

Seneca has the present participle, of a mind that rages against fortune in despair of its own affairs,[3][4] and the participle of people angry at the powerful and of ambition angry at things that do not give way to it.[3][6] Lewis & Short call it mostly post-Augustan.[4] Apuleius uses it without a dative: people who are spoken ill of take offence.[4][6]

In the 5th century Claudianus Mamertus writes oro quaesoque non obirascaris mihi (“I beg and pray you not to be angry with me”),[6][3] and Avitus has it in a homily.[3]

Timeline

  • 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses the participle of men angry with fortune.[3][4][7]
  • 4 BC–65 AD – Seneca uses the present participle, of a mind raging against fortune.[3][7]
  • c. 125–175 AD – Apuleius uses it absolutely, “take offence”.[4][7]
  • first half of the 5th century AD – Claudianus Mamertus writes non obirascaris mihi.[6][3][7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. (with dative) To be angry with or at, to resent.[2][6]
  2. (absolute) To grow angry, take offence.[2][6]

Word family

  • obiratio

Usage notes

The perfect participle obīrātus is often used as an adjective, “angered, angry”, with a dative: fortūnae obīrātī in Livy, obīrātī potentibus in Seneca.[4][6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  5. ^ Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
  6. ^ a b c d e f g Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
  7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de