Etymologically
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niveus

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ˈnɪ.we.ʊs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ˈniː.ve.us][1]

Forms

niveus (feminine nivea, neuter niveum); first/second-declension adjective[1] Valerius Flaccus has the genitive plural niveum.[2]

Etymology

It is formed from the stem ⟨niv-⟩ of nix (“snow”) with the suffix -eus.[2][1][3] De Vaan traces ⟨nix⟩, ⟨nivis⟩ to Proto-Italic *sn(e)iw- (“snow”) and Proto-Indo-European *sneygʷʰ- (“to snow”), cognate with Ancient Greek νίφα (nípha, “snow”), Lithuanian sniñga (“it snows”), Gothic 𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐍃 (snaiws, “snow”) and Old High German snēo (“snow”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler gives Catullus as its first author, whose niveī montis cacūmen is a snow-capped mountain peak.[5][2] Cicero, translating Aratus, has rocks foamed over with snow-white brine.[2]

Semantic evolution

It is made of snow, as Virgil's land shapeless with snowdrifts, and aqua nivea is snow water.[2] Above all it is snow-white: white were victims for the Olympian gods, ceremonial clothes and horses, as Ovid's victor drawn by white horses, the colour of good fortune, and people dressed in white togas.[2] It is also cold as snow, of drinks chilled with snow (Martial), and snow-covered.[2] Lewis and Short call it poetic.[6]

Church Latin glosses it “snow-white”.[7] English niveous (1620s) comes from it.[3]

Timeline

  • 81–43 BC – Cicero of snow-white brine.[2][5]
  • 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of a snow-capped peak.[2][5]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of snowdrifts.[2][5]
  • 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of white horses.[2][5]
  • 1620s – English niveous.[3]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Of snow;[2][1] aqua nivea, snow water.[2][1]
  2. Snow-white, snowy; white-robed.[2][1][7]
  3. Cold as snow; chilled with snow.[2]
  4. Snow-covered.[2][1]
  • nivālis
  • nivātus
  • nivōsus
  • nix
  • ningit

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  7. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson