Etymologically
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morsellum

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [mɔrˈsɛl.lũː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [morˈsɛl.lum][1]

Forms

morsellum n (genitive morsellī); second declension[1] Also masculine morsellus (genitive morsellī).[2][3][4] Peter of Blois writes morcellus.[3]

Etymology

It is a Medieval Latin word,[4] formed from Latin morsum (“piece, bite”) + -ellus as a diminutive.[1] Its base is the neuter of morsus (“bitten; a bite”), the past participle of mordeō (“to bite”).[1][5][6]

Wiktionary lists Old French morsel, the source of morceau, among its descendants,[1] while Etymonline derives the Old French word as a diminutive of mors (“a bite”).[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The New Glossary of Medieval Latin finds it first in the life of Saint Philibert, where someone chokes on his first mouthful of meat (primo morsello carnis strangulatus).[3] The first dated record, from the late 11th century, is a cartulary of Saint-Vincent that grants quoddam morsellum terre, a small piece of land.[3]

Semantic evolution

In medieval texts it meant a bite or mouthful of food,[3][4][2] then any small piece or portion,[7][2] a parcel of land[3][4] or a small piece of an object.[4] Peter of Blois used it figuratively, of a heart that, like a jester, gulps down stray morsels away from home.[3]

The masculine morsellus is at least as common.[2][3][4]

Timeline

  • late 11th century – A cartulary of Saint-Vincent records quoddam morsellum terre, a piece of land.[3]
  • 1135 – A cartulary of Tiron records a morsellum terre bought for thirty shillings.[3]
  • second half of 12th century – Peter of Blois uses morcellus figuratively.[3][6]

Meanings

Noun

  1. (Medieval Latin) A morsel, mouthful, small bite of food.[3][4][2]
  2. (Medieval Latin) A small piece, a portion.[7][2]
  3. (Medieval Latin) A small piece of land, a parcel.[3][4]
  • English morsel

Usage notes

A medieval wordplay recorded in the New Glossary of Medieval Latin took morsellus in an active sense, “one who bites”: the devil is called so “because he bites twice, in the body and in the soul”.[3]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Novum Glossarium Mediae Latinitatis ab anno DCCC usque ad annum MCC (1957–), Copenhagen / Geneva / Paris: Union Académique Internationale; IRHT
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
  5. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  6. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  7. ^ a b du Cange, Charles du Fresne, et al. (1883–1887), Glossarium mediae et infimae latinitatis, augmented ed. by Léopold Favre, Niort: L. Favre