Etymologically
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merso

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ˈmɛr.soː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ˈmɛr.so][1]

Forms

mersō (present infinitive mersāre, perfect active mersāvī, supine mersātum); first conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is a frequentative, from Latin mergō (“to dip, sink”) + -tō.[2][3][1] De Vaan traces mergō to Proto-Italic *mezge/o- and Proto-Indo-European *mesg-e/o- (“to sink, wash”).[4] Cognate with Sanskrit मज्जन्ति (májjanti, “they sink, plunge under”) and Lithuanian mazgóti (“to wash”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan records it from Lucretius on;[4] Lucretius contrasts a time when want brought death with the present, when abundance drowns: nunc rerum copia mersat.[2][5]

Semantic evolution

Lewis & Short call it poetic and post-Augustan.[5] Its literal sense is to dip or immerse: Virgil has the bleating flock dipped in a healthful river,[5] Horace a live hen drowned in Falernian wine,[2] and Tacitus a man carried into a bath and plunged in hot water.[5] Figuratively it is to overwhelm or plunge into ruin, as Catullus' fortunae fluctibus, the waves of fortune,[2] and Horace's mersor civilibus undis, “I plunge into the waves of public life”.[5] An inscription has maerore mersor, “I am overwhelmed with grief”.[2] In Martianus Capella the passive is used of stars setting.[5]

Timeline

  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius, of abundance that overwhelms.[2][4][6]
  • 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus, of the waves of fortune.[2][6]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil, of dipping a flock.[5][6]
  • 5th century AD – Martianus Capella, of stars setting.[5][6]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To dip, immerse (in a liquid).[2][5][1]
  2. To submerge, drown; to plunge in ruin, overwhelm.[2][5][1]
  3. (passive, of stars) To set.[5]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de