Etymologically
Log in

laetus

This is the current revision of this entry, as edited by bogdan on 16 October 2026 at 02:25. This address is a permanent link to this version.
Changes in this edit History

Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈɫae̯.tʊs][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈlɛː.tus][1]

Forms

laetus (feminine laeta, neuter laetum, comparative laetior, superlative laetissimus, adverb laetē); first/second-declension adjective[1]

Etymology

The origin is unknown.[1][2] On the assumption that “fat, rich” was the older meaning, Walde and Pokorny connected lāridum “bacon” and largus “generous”, from *lai-, a view de Vaan discusses.[3][1][4] The TLL notes that the form looks like a participle, like maestus.[5] Isidore derives laetitia from lātitūdō “breadth”, as tristitia is narrowness.[6]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan and Köbler date it from Naevius.[3][4] Köbler dates Naevius c. 235–200 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

Of plants and fields it meant flourishing or lush, as in Ennius' agrōs laetōs, and of style rich or florid.[2] Its main sense at all periods was glad or happy, with an ablative or genitive delighting in something, then prosperous, favourable or propitious, as of omens, and pleasing or welcome.[2] The OLD notes that it is unclear which sense is the original.[2]

Döderlein contrasts gaudeō, joy as a state of mind, with laetārī, the outward expression of joy.[7] Its derivatives include laetitia “joy”.[1] It survives in Italian lieto and Old French lié.[1]

Timeline

  • c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.[3][4]
  • 204–169 BC – Ennius speaks of lush fields.[2][4]
  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus speaks of someone glad to give joy.[2][4]
  • c. 560–636 AD – Isidore explains laetitia from breadth.[6][4]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. (of plants, fields) Flourishing, lush.[2]
  2. (of style) Rich, florid.[2]
  3. Glad, joyful, happy.[2]
  4. Delighting (in).[2]
  5. Prosperous; favourable, propitious.[2]
  6. Pleasing, welcome.[2]

Word family

  • laeticus
  • laetificō
  • laetificus
  • laetitūdō
  • perlaetus
  • laetitia
  • laetō

Usage notes

A different late noun laetus was a foreign settler who held land as a tributary serf.[8][9] Köbler and Wiktionary take it from Germanic.[8][9][4][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  6. ^ a b Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay (Oxford, 1911).
  7. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  8. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  9. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.